Useful resources

Publications
Kai Hu, Paul F. McKay, Karnyart Samnuan, Adrian Najer, Anna K. Blakney, Junyi Che, Gwen O'Driscoll, Martina Cihova, Molly M. Stevens, Robin J. Shattock. "Presentation of antigen on extracellular vesicles using transmembrane domains from viral glycoproteins for enhanced immunogenicity." Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2022. 11(3): 312199.
Kapil Gupta, Christine Toelzer, Maia Kavanagh Williamson, Deborah K. Shoemark, A. Sofia F. Oliveira, David A. Matthews, Abdulaziz Almuqrin, Oskar Staufer, Sathish K. N. Yadav, Ufuk Borucu, Frederic Garzoni, Daniel Fitzgerald, Joachim Spatz, Adrian J. Mulholland, Andrew D. Davidson, Christiane Shaffitzel, Imre Berger. "Structural insights in cell-type specific evolution of intra-host diversity by SARS-CoV-2." Nature Communications. 2022. 13: 222.
Ali Alazzo, Nurcan Gumus, Pratik Gurnani, Snjezana Stolnik, Ruman Rahman, Keith Spriggs, Cameron Alexander. "Investigating histidinylated highly branched poly(lysine) for siRNA delivery." Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2022. 10: 236-246.
Rochelle Aw, Muktadir R. Ashik, Ariful A.Z.M. Islam, Imran Khan, Mohammad Mainuddin, Md. Ashraful Islam, Mohammad M. Ahasan, Karen M. Polizzi. "Production and purification of an active CRM197 in Pichia pastoris and its immunological characterization using a Vi-typhoid antigen vaccine." Vaccine. 2021. 39(51): 7379-7386.
Dauda Ibrahim, Zoltán Kis, Kyungjae Tak, Maria M. Papathanasiou, Cleo Kontoravdi, Benoît Chachuat, Nilay Shah. "Model-based planning and delivery of mass vaccination campaigns against infectious disease: application to the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK." Vaccines. 2021. 9(12): 1460.
Yu Huang, Zewei Wang, Guiju Zhang, Jie Ren, Li Yu, Xuhan Liu, Yuanxi Yang, Abirami Ravindran, Chloe Wong, Rongjun CHen. "A pH/redox-dual responsive, nanoemulsion-embedded hydrogel for efficient oral delivery and controlled intestinal release of magnesium ions." Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2021. 9: 1888-1895.
Talia A. Shmool, Laura K. Martin, Liem Bui-Le, Ignacio Moya-Ramirez, Pavlos Kotidis, Richard P. Matthews, Gerhard A. Venter, Cleo Kontoravdi, Karen M. Polizzi, Jason P. Hallett. "An experimental approach probing the conformational transitions and energy landscape of antibodies: a glimmer of hope for reviving lost therapeutic candidates using ionic liquid." Chemical Science. 2021. 12: 9528-9545.
Miriam Sarkis, Andrea Bernardi, Nilay Shah, Maria M. Papathanasiou. "Emerging challenges and opportunities in pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution." Processes. 2021. 9(3): 457.
John S. Tregoning, Katie E. Flight, Sophie L. Hingham, Ziyin Wang, Benjamin F. Pierce. "Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape." Nature Reviews Immunology. 2021. 21, 626–636.
Anna K. Blakney, Paul F. McKay, Kai Hu, Karnyart Samnuan, Nikita Jain, Andrew Brown, Anitha Thomas, Paul Rogers, Krunal Polra, Hadijatou Sallah, Jonathan Yeow, Yunqing Zhu, Molly M. Stevens, Andrew Geall, Robin J. Shattock. "Polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines." Journal of Controlled Release. 2021. 338: 201-210.
Nicole Inge Richardson, Neil Ravenscroft, Vanessa Arato, Davide Oldrini, Francesca Micoli, Michelle M. Kuttel. "Conformational and Immunogenicity Studies of the Shigella flexneri Serogroup 6 O-Antigen: The Effect of O-Acetylation." Vaccines. 2021. 9(5): 432.
Danielle Carson, Sophie Myhill, Elena Palmieri, Francesca Necchi, Sjoerd Rijpkema, Francesca Micoli, Ida Karin Nordgren, Omar Rossi, Caroline Vipond. "Development of a monocyte activation test as an alternative to the rabbit pyrogen test for mono- and multi-component Shigella GMMA-based vaccines." Microorganisms. 2021. 9(7): 1375.
Onesmus Kamacooko, Jonathan Kitonsa, Ubaldo M. Bahemuka, Freddie M. Kibengo, Anne Wajja, Vincent Basajja, Alfred Lumala, Ayoub Kakande, Paddy Kafeero, Edward Ssemwanga, Robert Asabe, Joseph Mugisha, Benjamin F. Pierce, Robin J. Shattock, Pontiano Kaleebu, Eugene Ruzagira. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021. 18(13): 7004.
Yu Huang, Boram Gu, Isabelle I. Salles-Crawley, Kirk A. Taylor, Li Yu, Jie Ren, Xuhan Liu, Michael Emerson, Colin Longstaff, Alun D. Hughes, Simon A. Thom, Xiao Yun Xu, Rongjun Chen. "Fibrinogen-mimicking, multiarm nanovesicles for human thrombus-specific delivery of tissue plasminogen activator and targeted thrombolytic therapy." Science Advances. 2021. 7(23): eabf9033.
Elena Palmieri, Vanessa Arato, Davide Oldrini, Beatrice Ricchetti, Maria Grazia Aruta, Werner Pansegrau, Sara Marchi, Fabiola Giusti, Ilaria Ferlenghi, Omar Rossi, Renzo Alfini, Carlo Giannelli, Gianmarco Gasperini, Francesca Necchi, Francesca Micoli. "Stability of Outer Membrane Vesicles-Based Vaccines, Indentifying the Most Appropriate Methods to Detect Changes in Vaccine Potency." Vaccines. 2021. 9(3): 229.
Zoltán Kis, Cleo Kontoravdi, Robin Shattock, Nilay Shah. "Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vacines for the Global Pandemic Demand." Vaccines. 2021. 9(1): 3.
Claudia Conte, Patrícia F. Monteiro, Patrik Gurnani, Snow Stolnik, Francesca Ungaro, Fabiano Quaglia, Philip Clarke, Anna Grabowska, Maria Kavallaris, Cameron Alexander. "Multi-component bioresponsive nanoparticles for synchronous delivery of docetaxel and TUBB3 siRNA to lung cancer cells." Nanoscale. 13: 11414-11426.
ámara, Giuseppe Mantovani. "Combining inducible lectin expression and magnetic glyconanoparticles for the selective isolation isolation of bacteria from mixed populations." ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2021. 13(16): 19230-19243.
." Chemical Science. 2021. 12, 196-209.
Anna K. Blakney, Yunqing Zhu, Paul F. McKay, Clément R. Bouton, Jonathan Yeow, Jiaqing Tang, Kai Hu, Karnyart Samnuan, Christopher L. Grigsby, Robin J. Shattock and Molly M. Stevens. "Big is Beautiful: Enhanced saRNA Delivery and Immunogenicity by a Higher Molecular Weight, Bioreducible, Cationic Polymer." ACS Nano. 2020. 14, 5, 5711–5727.
Charles Vragniau, Joshua C. Bufton, Frédéric Garzoni, Emilie Stermann, Fruzsina Rabi, Céline Terrat, Mélanie Guidetti, Véronique Josserand, Matt Williams, Christopher J. Woods, Gerardo Viedma, Phil Bates, Bernard Verrier, Laurence Chaperot, Christiane Schaffitzel, Imre Berger, and Pascal Fender. "Synthetic self-assembling ADDomer platform for highly efficient vaccination by genetically encoded multiepitope display." Science Advances. 2019. 5: eaaw2853.
Read the press release on the above work here.
Ankur Matreja and Gordon Dougan. "Molecular epidemiology and intercontinental spread of cholera." Vaccine. 2019. 38: A46-A51.
Anna K. Blakney, Paul F. McKay, Bárbara Ibarzo Yus, Yoann Aldon, and Robin Shattock. "Inside out: optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for exterior complexation and in vivo delivery of saRNA." Gene Therapy. 2019. 26: 363-372.
Zoltán Kis, Maria M. Papthanasiou, Raul Calvo-Serrano, Cleo Kontoravdi, and Nilay Shah. "A model-based quantification of the impact of new manufacturing technologies on developing country vaccine supply chain performance: a Kenyan case study." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing. 2019. 1: e10025.
Anna K. Blakney, Paul F. McKay, Dennis Christensen, Bárbara Ibarzo Yus, Yoann Aldon, Frank Follman, and Robin J. Shattock. "Effects of cationic adjuvant formulation particle type, fluidity and immunomodulators on delivery and immunogenicity of saRNA." Journal of Controlled Release. 2019. 304: 65-74.
Alex P. S. Brogan, Nimrod Heldman, Jason P. Hallett, and Angela M. Belcher. "Thermally robust solvent-free biofluids of M13 bacteriophage engineered for high compatibility with anhydrous ionic liquids." Chemical Communications. 2019. 55: 10752-10755.
Maria M. Papthanasiou, Baris Burnak, Justin Katz, Nilay Shah, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos. “Assisting continuous biomanufacturing through advanced control in downstream purification.”Computers & Chemical Engineering. 2019. 125: 232-248.
Anna K. Blakney, Paul F. McKay, Bárbara Ibarzo Yus, Judith E. Hunter, Elizabeth A. Dex, and Robin J. Shattock. “The Skin You Are In: Design-of-Experiments Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticle Self-Amplifying RNA Formulations in Human Skin Explants.” ACS Nano. 2019. 13(5): 5920-5930.
Anna K. Blakney was awarded a Provost’s Award for excellence in animal research for the above work.
Anna K. Blakney, Gokhan Yilmaz, Paul F. McKay, C. Remzi Becer, and Robin J. Shattock. “One Size Does Not Fit All: The Effect of Chain Length and Charge Density of Poly(ethylene imine) Based Copolymers on Delivery of pDNA, mRNA, and RepRNA Polyplexes.” Biomacromolecules. 2018. 19(7): 2870-2879.
Anna K. Blakney, Paul F. McKay, and Robin J. Shattock. “Structural Components for Amplification of Positive and Negative Strand VEEV Splitzicons.” Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 2018. 5: 71.
Zoltán Kis, Robin Shattock, Nilay Shah, and Cleo Kontoravdi. “Emerging Technologies for Low-Cost, Rapid Vaccine Manufacture.” Biotechnology Journal. 2019. 14: 1800376.
General Information on Vaccines
History of vaccines
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Vaccine Knowledge Project
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Vaccines work to help keep us alive
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A history of the measles vaccination programme within the UK
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Riskiest vaccine is the one not given
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Volunteers supporting vaccine development
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"The Vaccine Race: Science, Politics, and the Human Costs of Defeating Disease", by Meredith Wadman
"Vaccine: The Controversial Story of Medicine's Greatest Lifesaver", by Arthur Allen
"Vaccines: A Biography", edited by Andrew Artenstein
DCVMN, ODA and LMICs
Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturing Networks (DCVMN) is a voluntary public-health-driven alliance of vaccine manufacturers from developing countries that aims to make a consistent supply of high-quality vaccines that are accessible to protect people against known and emerging infectious diseases globally
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UK Government information on Official Development Assistant (ODA) strategic objectives
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List of Low-Middle Income Countries (all countries listed count as LMIC)
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Please note the links to non-Imperial College London websites are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, expressed or implied, by Imperial College London, the Future Vaccine Manufacturing Research Hub or individual members therein. These external websites are not managed by Imperial College London. We do not control or take responsibility for the content on these sites although we believe the sites provide credible information. If you would like to discuss content on any of these websites please contact us via the Contact Us website.
Annual Report

Imperial College London FVMR Hub Annual Report 2019 (PDF)
